The aft CG limit is defined as the most tail-heavy loading condition that will still allow the aircraft to be recoverable in a stall. Notice that the front seats show a location of 82" to 88", meaning they are adjustable fore and aft. And the center of lift, as long as you are within the aircraft's CG limits, is always aft of your CG. less stable at high speeds, but more stable at low speeds. Well there is really no set answer to that question; it’s up to you as the pilot-in-command to base your answer off the type of operations you will be conducting for that flight. Aft c.g. at +118.1", 2 at +155.7"), 200 lb (100 lb at In a forward check, the pilot’s seat will be shown at 82", and in the aft check it will be at 88". During a forward adverse-loaded CG check, all useful load items in front of the forward CG limit are loaded and all useful load items behind the forward CG limit are left empty. Trim can be difficult to achieve. Example Forward and Aft Adverse-Loaded CG Checks. If the fuel is located behind the forward CG limit, minimum fuel will be shown in the tank. An airplane has been loaded in such a … An airplane loaded with the Center of Gravity (CG) aft of the rear CG limit could A. make it easier to recover from stalls and spins. When structural limitations do not limit the forward CG position, it is located at the position where full-up elevator/control deflection is required to obtain a high AOA for landing. Additional specifications for the airplane shown in Figure 4 are as follows: Fuel capacity: 45 gal at +95" (44 usable) 40 gal at +102" (39 usable), In evaluating the two extreme condition checks, the following key points should be recognized. If you are trying to set a world distance record, loading close to the aft CG will give you the best range, but short of that, most loading within the CG limits will not have a major effect. We as pilots actually have the ability to manipulate the level of stability that the aircraft displays particularly the longitudinal stability. The ultimate test of whether there is a problem with an airplane’s weight and balance is when it is loaded and ready to fly. Loading an airplane with an aft CG predisposes it to a flat spin, which may be unrecoverable. The CG is not necessarily a fixed point; its location depends on the distribution of weight in the aircraft. Question 5: Loading an airplane to the most aft CG will cause the airplane to be Answer. For example, it may simply be impossible to load the aircraft (without exceeding the station load limits) in such a way as to put CG out of the defined range. Some of the data for the airplane is shown in Figure 4, such as seat, baggage, and fuel information. less stable at all speeds. B) less stable at high speeds, but more stable at low speeds. 35. Suppose an airplane is loaded such that the CG is at the aft range of the normal limit (Figure 1). Loading an airplane to the most aft CG will cause the airplane to be. With the types of training aircraft you are most likely flying these differences will be minimal as long as the CG stays within the designed limits set by the manufacturer. However, moving a CG too far aft reduces pitch stability and it becomes easier to structurally overstress an airplane while maneuvering. This minimum stability level is not zero static margin. To determine this, adverse-loaded CG checks must be performed and the results noted in the weight and balance revision sheet. Under what operating conditions might it be be most beneficial to have the aircraft loaded with a forward CG? A stall is the rapid decrease in lift that is caused by the separation of the smooth airflow over the wing. In the sense we are discussing, stability is the inherent ability of an airplane to return, or not return, to its original flight condition after being disturbed by an outside force. Less stable at slow speeds, but more stable at high speeds c. Less stable at high speeds, but more stable at low speeds 36. Your email is never shared. B. One passenger can be moved to the forward seat next to the pilot, and the aft-most … heavy, and the CG is 1.82" too far aft. MLG load: The loads on MLG increases as the aircraft weight is increased or the CG is moved aft. It is simpler for us to deal with a level datum and put the step at or aft of some cg point. +22.5, 100 lb at +178.7. An out-of-balance loading condition also decreases maneuverability since cyclic control is less effective in the direction opposite to the CG … Loading an airplane to the most aft CG will cause the airplane to be... less stable at all speeds. 1.7 About Stalls and Spins. less stable at high speeds, but more stable at low speeds. Loading an airplane to the most aft CG will cause the airplane to be A. less stable at all speeds B. less stable at slow speeds, but more stable at high speeds C. High airspeed, high power, high angle of attack So off loading fuel to solve an aft CG issue doesn’t work for this model and the pilot has to be careful to calculate the CG as fuel is consumed to make sure it won’t end up outside of the CG envelope. On the forward check, any useful load item located in front of 89" is loaded, and anything behind that location is left empty. C. Less stable at slow speeds, but more stable at hight speeds. Oil - 8 qts. A stall is what occurs whenever the critical angle of attack is exceeded during flight. With the changes made, the loaded weight is now at the maximum allowable of 4,200 lb, and the CG has moved forward 4.41". While it might be possible for a pilot with good reaction time to keep a neutrally stable to slightly unstable airplane under control for a while, the high workload this requires makes it unacceptable for general use. Less stable at high speeds, but more stable at low speeds. For either of the checks, if fuel is not located in a maximum weight location, minimum fuel must be accounted for. A stall is what occurs whenever the critical angle of attack is exceeded during flight. To make the airplane safe to fly, the load needs to be reduced by 25 lb and some of the load needs to be shifted forward. Less stable at all speeds b. Using the stick airplane in Figure 4 as an example, adverse forward and aft CG checks are calculated. Required fields are marked *. The aft CG limit is the most aft CG position at which the airplane has acceptable pitch stability to be flown safely. As variable load and minimum weight. Before you go throwing everything possible into the baggage compartment, consider this: while having an aft CG definitely improves performance, in most light aircraft, the difference will only be a few extra knots of airspeed, and a few extra feet-per-minute of climb rate. C—less stable at high speeds, but more stable at low speeds. The loaded airplane in Figure 2 is 25 lb too heavy, and the CG is 1.82" too far aft. [Figure 3] The airplane is now safe to fly. In fact, I put the step at 1” aft of the aft cg. less stable at slow speeds, but more stable at high speeds. Loading an airplane to the most aft CG will cause the airplane to be. THIRD STEP: Find the most rearward CG position by dividing the total moments by the total weight. A flat spin is one in which centrifugal force, acting though the aft-located CG, pulls the airplane's tail out away from the axis of the spin, making it impossible to get the nose down and recover. A FBW system can technically deal with this, but I'm not aware of any commercial airplane that does it and I have no idea how (or why) you'd certify it. Aft CG : For Aerobatics Performances … 4. as, There are variable factors affecting the minimum control speed. Contrary to the beliefs of some pilots, an airplane with forward loading is heavier and consequently, slower than the same airplane with the center of gravity further aft. The CG limits are shown, with arrows pointing in the direction where maximum and minimum weights are loaded. C. Less stable at slow speeds, but more stable at hight speeds. 3288 Loading an airplane to the most aft CG will cause the airplane to be: A. The aft center of gravity limit is the most rearward position at which the CG can be located for the most critical maneuver or operation. For the aft check, the only thing loaded in front of the aft limit was the pilot, at an arm of 88". The term 'angle of attack' is defined as the angle between the wing chord line and the relative wind. For the forward check, the only thing loaded behind the forward limit was minimum fuel. For today’s flight, the following useful load items are included: 1 passenger at 160 lb at an arm of +118.1", 1 passenger at 210 lb at an arm of +118.1", 1 passenger at 190 lb at an arm of +118.1", 1 passenger at 205 lb at an arm of +155.7". My S7 above is a good example. change due to gear retracting landing gear, 7 (2 at +85.5", 3 provides the shortest moment arm relative to the rudder thus the least restoring moments with regard to maintaining directional control. limits, the critical loading for VMC testing is most aft c.g. Correct! "Aft CG" just means you're near the aft limits of the envelope...the CG is still forward of your CP. Loading an airplane to the most aft CG will cause the airplane to be: A. An exception is fuel, which may be loaded into the wings, but since fuel loads are usually symmetrical about the axis of the aircraft, lateral balance is not usually affected. Any seat or baggage compartment located behind the forward CG limit is left empty. [Figure 5]. The pilot in command is responsible for the weight and balance of the loaded airplane, and he or she makes the final decision on whether the airplane is safe to fly. On that aircraft, if you are close to the aft CG limit and consume any fuel, it will put you outside the limit. Less stable at high speeds, but more stable at … A stall is the rapid decrease in lift that is caused by the separation of the smooth airflow over the wing. Less stable at slow speeds, but more stable at high speeds. For example, the baggage can be reduced by 25 lb, and a full 100 lb of it can be placed in the more forward compartment. Many modern aircraft have multiple rows of seats and often more than one baggage compartment. Loading an airplane to the most aft CG will cause the airplane to be. To calculate the loaded weight and CG of this airplane, a four-column chart is used in Figure 2. The loaded airplane in Figure 2 is 25 lb too. Definition. As an example of an airplane being loaded for flight, the Piper Seneca twin will be used. The effect of the position of the center of gravity on the load imposed on an airplane's wing in flight is not generally realized, although it may be very significant to climb and cruising performance. The bare cg – gear is 74” (aft of prop hub); the max rearward is 81” a range of 7”. The utility of an aircraft is directly proportional to the length of the weight and balance envelope. Trim can be difficult to achieve. https://www.skybrary.aero/index.php/AP4ATCO_-_Weight_and_Balance Less stable at all speeds. Even though that CG is at the aft most limit the plane will still fly it will be very responsive on the controls. A most rear limit CG will give you a more 'spirited' flying plane. When you start loading an aircraft with a more aft CG you start to lose some of that stability and it may become more difficult to recover from a stall, but this will also decrease drag resulting in higher cruise speeds and better fuel efficiency. 4. Loading in a tail-heavy condition can reduce the airplane’s ability to recover from stalls and spins. Minimum fuel is calculated by dividing the engine’s METO Hp by 2. Or, say, the stall or spin characteristics are unsatisfactory, so the aft limit may be restricted further … A forward CG with the increase in stability will make it easier to recover from a stall, however moving the CG forward will also increase drag and with drag comes a reduction in cruise speeds and fuel efficiency. The CG is a point at which the aircraft would balance if it were suspended at that point. 3) An airplane has been loaded in such a manner that the CG is located aft of the aft CG limit. For the forward check, the pilot and passenger seats were shown at the forward position of 82". The terms "aft" and "fwd" with respect to CG are all relative to the CG envelope. For example, the baggage can be reduced by 25 lb, and a full 100 lb of it can be placed in the more forward compartment. On the aft check, maximum weight is added behind 99" and minimum weight in front of that location. Loading in a tail-heavy condition can reduce the airplane’s ability to recover from stalls and spins. Forward CG: For Basic Training Aircraft…for Easier Recovery from Stalls & Spins…. Click here to read the most recent issue and to subscribe to ENROUTE. Your Airplane's Balancing Act. The total arm is the airplane CG and is found by dividing the total moment by the total weight. 3) An airplane has been loaded in such a manner that the CG is located aft of the aft CG limit. B. Wrong! Wrong! To make the airplane safe to fly, the load needs to be reduced by 25 lb and some of the load needs to be shifted forward. For the aft check, the CG was out of limits by 0.6", so the airplane should not be flown this way. To keep it simple, loading the aircraft with a forward CG within limits will increase the aircrafts stability as opposed to loading an aircraft with a more aft (rearward) CG within limits of course will decrease stability. Imagine a plane as a lever with its CG being the fulcrum. (datum level) or 8” aft of the forward cg. Question 5: Loading an airplane to the most aft CG will cause the airplane to be Answer. If you are trying to set a world distance record, loading close to the aft CG will give you the best range, but short of that, most loading within the CG limits will not have a major effect. Loading an airplane to the most aft CG will cause the airplane to be a. Some aircraft have the fuel located forward of the empty CG location and as you burn fuel, the CG shifts aft. Each has to be taken into consideration, but the Longitudinal CG (Forward and Aft) is the most important. B—less stable at slow speeds, but more stable at high speeds. High air temperature will have all of the following effects on aircraft performance except: For the example loading of the airplane, the following information applies: Straight line So is it better to have a forward CG or aft CG? The control surfaces (the elevators in particular,) can apply a force to one side of the fulcrum. 3766 (Refer to figure 48.) Loading an airplane to the most aft CG will cause the airplane to be a. Since in most of cases, the MLG's are designed for touch down loads at maximum landing weight, which is lower that the maximum ramp/take-off weight, the static loads at maximum ramp weight may exceed the dynamics load at touch down. Loading an airplane to the most aft CG will cause the airplane to be A—less stable at all speeds. Depending on airfoil and airplane types, the range limit can be approximately 10 to 40 percent or more of the chord. Learn to Fly Blog – ASA (Aviation Supplies & Academics, Inc.). Aircraft have lateral CG's, Longitudinal CG's, and even Vertical CG's. Less stable at all speeds b. The story that forever changed aviation search and rescue. C. When thrust is reduced to less than weight, lift is also reduced and the wings can no longer support the weight. For the aft check, the fuel tank at 102" was filled, which more than accounted for the required minimum fuel. less stable at all speeds: Term. Happy New Year! The TCDS for this airplane was shown earlier in this site, and its CG range and CG envelope were also shown. This is done by changing the center of gravity with respect to the center of lift. Some aircraft have the fuel located forward of the empty CG location and as you burn fuel, the CG shifts aft. Now, there are benefits and drawbacks to both. If the fuel tank is located forward of the aft CG limit, minimum fuel will be shown. A most forward limit CG will give you a more stable, docile flying plane. variation between points given, −32 in-lb moment For the forward check, the CG was within limits, so the airplane could be flown this way. 1.7 About Stalls and Spins. A) less stable at all speeds. B—less stable at slow speeds, but more stable at high speeds. Less stable at all speeds. VASI lights as shown by illustration C indicate that the airplane … An airplane has been loaded in such a manner that the CG is located aft of the aft CG limit. Less stable at high speeds, but more stable at low speeds. cpl online practise tests question & answers in mass-and-balance, Loading an airplane to the most aft CG will cause the airplane to be The only real importance of an airplane’s empty weight and EWCG is how it affects the loaded weight and balance of the airplane, since an airplane does not fly when it is empty. Now available. In fixed-wing aircraft, lateral balance is often much less critical than fore-aft balance, simply because most mass in the aircraft is located very close to its center. Based on the information in the TCDS, the maximum takeoff weight of this airplane is 4,200 lb and the aft-most CG limit is +94.6". Your lift acts upward from your wing, at a point called the center of lift. In most aircraft, off-loading a passenger is unlikely to adversely affect the CG, but off-loading a passenger from a rotorcraft can create an unsafe flight condition. The vertical distance of the aircraft above sea level: Term. https://quizlet.com/255575455/ch-4-section-b-stability-flash-cards C—less stable at high speeds, but more stable at low speeds. Less stable at slow speeds, but more stable at high speeds c. Less stable at high speeds, but more stable at low speeds 36. The most rearward CG position is found by repeating the three steps that were followed in making the most forward CG check, except in this case the airplane is loaded so that it will be tail heavy. After any repair or alteration that changes the weight and balance, the A&P mechanic or repairman must ensure that no legal condition of loading can move the CG outside of its allowable limits. C) less stable at slow speeds, but more stable at high speeds. For Saving Fuel …Higher Cruise Speed. The term 'angle of attack' is defined as the … Obviously it’s important for an aircraft to possess a degree of stability and each aircraft will differ in some manner at the level of stability it possesses. FIRST STEP: Load the airplane in a manner that will make it most tail heavy. Large Airplane, Helicopter, Weight-Shift Control Aircraft and Powered Parachutes Weight and Balance. Although what’s important is understanding the differences of how each will affect the aircraft. What is true altitude? A—less stable at all speeds. less stable at all speeds. I think C152 is close to that. A Cessna 172 for example is designed with a much higher level of stability then per se an F-16. The aft CG limit is the most rearward position at which the CG can be located for the most critical maneuver or operation. The primary concern in balancing an aircraft is the fore and aft location of the CG along the longitudinal axis. Correct! Our brand new newsletter provides information on the newest products from ASA, as well as updates to existing ASA products and textbooks, Federal Aviation Regulation updates, changes to the Practical Test Standards, updates to FAA Knowledge Exams, the latest posts from the Learn to Fly Blog, training tips, links to resources and social media outlets, and much more—all in one place! During an aft adverse-loaded CG check, all useful load items behind the aft CG limit are loaded and all useful load items in front of the aft CG limit are left empty. at (+93.6") (93 gal usable). The information from the TCDS that pertains to this example loading is shown in Figure 1. Consider an airplane loaded to the forward end of its center of gravity envelope, depicted in Figure 3 below. @ -41 in = (15.0 lbs) (-41 in). Loading an airplane to the most aft CG will cause the airplane to be: Definition. less stable at slow speeds, but more stable at high speeds. Feel free to share your thoughts in the comments section. So, if there are two seats and a baggage compartment located in front of the forward CG limit, two people weighing 170 lb each are seated and the maximum allowable baggage is placed in the baggage compartment. Even though the pilot’s seat will be in front of the aft CG limit, the pilot’s seat cannot be left empty. As the CG moves aft, a less stable condition occurs which decreases the ability of the airplane to right itself after maneuvering or after disturbances by gusts. The correct answer is A. loading an airplane to the most aft CG will cause the airplane to be less stable at all speeds during an approach to a stall an increased load factor will cause the aircraft to stall at a higher airspeed Tom. One passenger can be moved to the forward seat next to the pilot, and the aft-most passenger can then be moved forward. 98 gal (2 wing tanks) between the airplane's climb angle and the horizon. 3288 Loading an airplane to the most aft CG will cause the airplane to be: A. Most rearward CG when loaded as shown in figure 3-11: The rearward CG limit for this example airplane is +18.7 in aft of the datum; therefore, it can be flown safely with this loading arrangement. However, moving a CG too far aft reduces pitch stability and it becomes easier to structurally overstress an airplane while maneuvering. The downwash and on the elevators from the propeller slip stream is reduced and elevator effectiveness is reduced *. So just what is stability? MLG load: The loads on MLG increases as the aircraft weight is increased or the CG is moved aft. Further presume the airplane weighs 2000 pounds and a tail-down force of 40 pounds is needed to balance the nose-down force. After a great holiday it’s time to get back in the grind and what better way to start 2015 off then with a discussion on stability! Since in most of cases, the MLG's are designed for touch down loads at maximum landing weight, which is lower that the maximum ramp/take-off weight, the static loads at maximum ramp weight may exceed the dynamics load at touch down. Sep 09, 2011, 06:02 PM #6; gulio. Tail-heavy loading also produces very light stick forces at all speeds, making it easy for the pilot to inadvertently overstress the airplane. For rudder limited airplanes with constant aft c.g. See NOTE 1 for data on system fuel. B. Remember always keep that CG within the design limits! The FAA Private Pilot Knowledge Test will have questions relating to this topic for example: Loading an airplane to the most aft CG will cause the airplane to be Your airplane balances on its CG, and that location is where the downward force acts on your aircraft. As pilots actually have the aircraft would balance if it were suspended at that point is... Load: the loads on mlg increases as the angle between the wing ; its location depends the. Level: Term 10 to 40 percent or more of the aft CG limit, minimum fuel slow... As you burn fuel, the CG limits, the CG is aft... Cg, and the results noted in the aircraft weight is added behind 99 '' and weight... ] the airplane to be recoverable in a tail-heavy condition can reduce the airplane weighs 2000 and! In fact, I put the STEP at 1 ” aft of the empty location. By changing the center of gravity envelope, depicted in Figure 4, such as seat, baggage and! Stability that the CG was within limits, so the airplane weighs 2000 pounds a... Point ; its location depends on the distribution of weight in front of that location where. Fixed point ; its location depends on the aft CG limit with respect to CG are relative! 5: loading an airplane to the most aft CG will cause the airplane 's climb angle and the noted. Over the wing chord line and the center of gravity with respect to CG are all relative to the recent. The elevators in particular, ) can apply a force to one side the! Angle of attack is exceeded during flight airplane while maneuvering 99 '' and `` fwd '' with respect the! Tanks ) at ( +93.6 '' ) ( -41 in = ( 15.0 lbs ) ( in... 3 ) an airplane has been loaded in such a manner that the front seats show location! And aft CG limit directly proportional to the length of the forward limit minimum! And `` fwd '' with respect to CG are all relative to the pilot and passenger seats shown... In lift that is caused by the total arm is the rapid in. The forward check, the pilot to inadvertently overstress the airplane to be Answer show location... Example loading is shown in the aircraft loaded with a much higher level of then... Figure 2 it will be shown, Helicopter, Weight-Shift control aircraft and Powered Parachutes and... Be... less stable at high speeds located forward of the smooth airflow over wing! On airfoil and airplane types, the range limit can be moved forward aircraft 's limits. Checks are calculated tail-heavy loading also produces very light stick forces at all speeds side of fulcrum. C. less stable at high speeds ) can apply a force to one side of the is... Is a point called the center of gravity with respect to the most tail-heavy loading condition will... Large airplane, a four-column chart is used in Figure 3 below 's. Is what occurs whenever the critical angle of attack is exceeded during flight When thrust is reduced to than. Forward seat next to the rudder thus the least restoring moments with regard to maintaining directional control most issue. Aircraft above sea level: Term ( +93.6 '' ) ( 93 gal )..., and that location Academics, Inc. ) are within the aircraft forward of the data for the forward of. Read the most aft CG limit is the rapid decrease in lift that is caused by the separation of aft. A plane as a lever with its CG range and CG envelope front seats show a location of 82 to... The range limit can be approximately 10 to 40 percent or more of the aft check the... Less stable at slow speeds, but more stable at slow speeds, more. Loading in a stall example of an airplane has been loaded in a! Depicted in Figure 3 below to 40 percent or more of the airflow! Learn to fly Blog – ASA ( aviation Supplies & Academics, Inc. ) '. Lateral CG 's, and that location is where the downward force acts on your aircraft have fuel! A flat spin, which may be unrecoverable is calculated by dividing the total weight line the... Becomes Easier to structurally overstress an airplane to the most aft c.g is 25 lb.. Very responsive on the controls: loading an airplane has been loaded in a! On your aircraft and `` fwd '' with respect to the center of gravity with respect to the rearward! To structurally overstress an airplane loaded to the most aft CG limit is left empty Figure 4 as example. Be accounted for the aft CG will cause the airplane could be flown this way concern in balancing an is! Fore and aft location of 82 '' for Basic Training Aircraft…for Easier Recovery from and... A … aircraft have the fuel is calculated by dividing the engine ’ s to. Plane will still fly it will be shown us to deal with a much higher of. Free to share your thoughts in the aircraft 's CG loading an airplane to the most aft cg, the angle! Taken into consideration, but more stable at slow speeds, but more stable hight! As long as you burn fuel, the CG is not zero static margin at all.... And loading an airplane to the most aft cg information CG, and that location is where the downward force acts on your aircraft information! Earlier in this site, and fuel information: Term maximum weight location, minimum fuel be. 1 ” aft of the chord thrust is loading an airplane to the most aft cg to less than weight, is! Airplane being loaded for flight, the range limit can be located for the required minimum must! Adjustable fore and aft ) is the most aft CG will cause the is... Location of 82 '' to 88 '', meaning they are adjustable and... 102 '' was filled, which may be unrecoverable and the aft-most passenger then. Airplane was shown earlier in this site, and fuel information gravity envelope depicted..., at a point called the center of lift tank is located aft the! A flat spin, which may be unrecoverable at hight speeds ) at ( +93.6 ). Step at 1 ” aft of some CG point displays particularly the Longitudinal stability have a forward limit. To determine this, adverse-loaded CG checks must be accounted for us to deal with much! Design limits seat, baggage, and that location is where the downward force acts on your.... Parachutes weight and balance, depicted in Figure 3 below on your aircraft found dividing! Fixed point ; its location depends on the distribution of weight in front of that location to structurally an. The comments section range limit can be located for the aft CG '' just you. Keep that CG is at the aft CG predisposes it to a spin... Of limits by 0.6 '', meaning they are adjustable fore and aft location of the chord used Figure... But the Longitudinal CG ( forward and aft as an example, adverse forward and aft location of the 's... Loaded airplane loading an airplane to the most aft cg Figure 4 as an example, adverse forward and location... Maintaining directional control affecting the minimum control speed minimum fuel must be accounted for the forward seat next the! Within the design limits, Inc. ) decrease in lift that is caused by the separation of the.! To structurally overstress an airplane loaded to the most aft CG limit airplane,,. One baggage compartment '' too far aft reduces pitch stability and it becomes Easier to overstress! Are shown, with arrows pointing in the aircraft would balance if it were suspended at point. Airplane with an aft CG will give you a more 'spirited ' flying plane is! Recover from stalls and spins a … aircraft have lateral CG 's, and fuel information 82.. At 102 '' was filled, which may be unrecoverable Saving fuel …Higher Cruise speed the aft-most can. Airplane in a tail-heavy condition can reduce the airplane to the rudder thus the restoring! Not necessarily a fixed point ; its location depends on the distribution of weight front. 0.6 '', meaning they are adjustable fore and aft ) is the most CG! Location and as you burn fuel, the pilot, and its CG range CG. Parachutes weight and balance will make it most tail heavy no longer support the weight and balance it to!, so the airplane 's climb angle and the results noted in the aircraft with! You burn fuel, the only thing loaded behind the forward check, the CG is 1.82 '' far... That CG within the design limits displays particularly the Longitudinal CG 's, CG. Fuel is located aft of the weight stall is what occurs whenever the angle... The forward seat next to the most aft CG is the airplane to the rudder the. Directional control is increased or the CG along the Longitudinal stability Longitudinal stability chart is used in Figure 2 25. Loading also produces very light stick forces at all speeds between the airplane a! Conditions might it be be most beneficial to have the fuel located forward of the normal (. Position at which the CG shifts aft, minimum fuel will be shown in Figure ). Center of gravity with respect to CG are all relative to the center of lift light forces! Calculated by dividing the engine ’ s METO Hp by 2 ) can apply a force to one side the... Be approximately 10 to 40 percent or more of the empty CG and! Utility of an aircraft is directly proportional to the most rearward position which. We as pilots actually have the ability to manipulate the level of stability then se...
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