The first rose is wired correctly & how would be expected, although the second is a complete wiring confusion, with the lamp wired across the Neutral and the loop and no wiring in the switch-plate. Megger – Fault Finding Solutions For the purposes of this document on cable fault locating, only leakage current through the insulation will be considered. A fault-finding test, such as the fault-finding Accenture exam or the SHL aptitude assessment, is an online test used to evaluate interested applicants. Further reading: Become an Electrician Induction motor fault finding 03/10/2010 by Lemau 11 Comments Induction motor is common application for domestic and industrial for machinery and production equipment.We can found electric motor in every where and should have a basic knowledge about how to troubleshooting or fault finding when we facing the motor breakdown. Candidates on the electronic fault finding training course use a range of circuit boards to explore the function of the various electronic components. Type D                   Large Inductive Loads – Large Motors, X-Rays. Note 1* This is why ISOLATION is much more preferable to switching off for maintenance – breaking both poles would eradicate the risk in this case, although the problem would still be in place. Online Fault Diagnosis Test – Practice Test Download Fault Diagnosis Test – Practice Test. Fault finding means the testing of the operation of electrical equipment to determine if that electrical equipment is safe and working correctly as defined in the Victorian Electricity Safety (Registration and Licensing) Regulations 2010.. One end of the faulted cable is connected through a pair of resistors to the voltage source. Consider all the evidence collected and, if possible, reject any which after further careful consideration is not relevant. If any faults are detected, then identified faults can be traced an rectified using electronic … Murray loop test. Gather Information – Ask people when & how the fault occurred Analyse Information – decide the probable cause Investigate – find the fault Rectify – safely repair the fault Test – test before re-energising. One of the most important factors in doing this, is the approach used. An earth fault on one phase of a 3 phase supply will disconnect that phase – while the remaining two exert to rotate the apparatus. The Polarity referred to throughout this section is not the type of Polarity referred to in electronics, where if the positive and the negative points of a circuit are reversed damage could be caused to a component or a circuit board. If you are convinced that the Earth is touching the phase (or vice-versa), or the PH is touching the N prior to the load, then you would carry out an IR test at 500 Volts DC between the Ph & E or Ph & N. If a reading of 0.00Ω was seen, then the two cables being tested are in contact with each other. From Fig 1 above, if another five 500watt halogen fittings were added to the circuit controlled by the 13A fused spur, the fuse in the spur would (eventually) overload. To locate the point the circuit must next be disconnected as near to its mid-point as possible. The testing equipment used to detect faults in the operation of electronic devices by creating stimulus signals and capture responses from electronic devices under test is known as electronic test equipment. In the case of the puncture, it is easy to confirm that the cause of the fault – and the fault itself – has indeed been dealt with satisfactorily, assuming that the tyre remains inflated. My company became known as the specialists in fault finding on machinery. Definition:  Ensuring that all fuses, switches and circuit breakers are in the phase conductor only, & that all socket outlet & power accessories are wired correctly (Ph to Ph terminal, Neutral to Neutral terminal, etc), The Polarity referred to throughout this section is not the type of Polarity referred to in electronics, where if the positive and the negative points of a circuit are reversed damage could be caused to a component or a circuit board. Single & 3PH motors will react to a restriction in movement by struggling to reach their optimum speed. Discrimination: Conventional Paradigms A device trips; causing complete or partial loss of Power, where this could have been avoided & only have separated part of the supply from one protected point of the circuit if correct discrimination were in place. Industry Control Circuits often contain Internal Fuses – what may seem like a loss of supply could be an internal fuse having blown. Murray Loop Test Equation:        A/B = {L+(L-X)}/X. Industry It is always worth remembering that Motor & Control Circuits often contain Internal Fuses –  & what may seem like a loss of supply could be an internal fuse having blown. Equipment reliability is king and no maintenance department worth its salt wants costly downtime, To help, we have prepared a six step approach to fault finding…. The cause of the puncture may be a nail which has penetrated the outer cover. Looking at Figure 1 (other side of this sheet), the lighting circuit is seen to be ‘switched off’ and therefore it should be seen as safe to work within any of the modular fittings repairing or replacing parts – but on closer inspection it can be seen that the NEUTRAL is passing across the switch, not the phase, and therefore the phase section of the terminal block (and any part thereafter) remains live even with the switch in the open* position. It is understood that sometimes it is not easy to get this information, as you may be the only person on site & no one is there to explain ‘what happened’, but you need to go the extra half mile to find out, as it will make your job much easier... Standard/Fundamental Faults The following is a concise list of typical faults that are the most common causes of a circuit ceasing to operate correctly. proves that insluation is not damaged and no loose connections. Our very popular 3 day course, where we provide delegates with a detailed knowledge of the 18th Edition BS 7671 Wiring Regulations has had to be postponed until further notice. You will see in Figure 2 that they are correct from the Main Fuse to the primary intake at the kWh meter, but the secondary side has been wired with the Phase & neutral the wrong way round. Here we outline two alternative approaches to achieving competence. The process involves stepping up the voltage to minimize the loss of energy in the form of heat. I passed my Trade Test in 1980 and have been involved in the Electrical Trade since then with a large number of years as an Electrical Contractor catering for both Domestic and Industrial sectors. The following is a concise list of typical faults that are the most common causes of a circuit ceasing to operate correctly. 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This will require more power when a restriction is in place & thus create an overload situation. Murray loop test employs the principle of wheatstone bridge for locating the fault. All solenoid valves should have an indicator in the plug tops to allow electrical signals to be observed local to the valves. Fault finding and rectification - advanced, test instrument settings, readings, test procedures, typical faults, supply faults, fault-finding procedures - 8 questions from a bank of questions . Here, John Saysell, Head of Business Development and Technical Training at MCP Consulting Group, explains his Six-Step Approach to Fault Finding…. How to identify electrical faults. From the above, if a reading of 0.00Ω was seen, then the two cables being tested are in contact with each other at some point in that circuit. All a bit of a disaster wiring wise– but the correct term to describe the switching remains incorrect polarity – as the switch is not in the phase conductor only. Cable Fault Finding – Decay Method. However, each of the faults listed above would result in a different device operating. Have a go at our free Electrical exam simulator to help you revise for your Electrical Installation exams. Troubleshooting is the process of tracing and rectifying faults in electric/electronics circuit. Answer ALL questions. where A & B are variable resistor readings, and L&X cable lengths. The healthy side can now be disregarded and the half-test carried out again on the damaged side of the circuit. 2. This condition is verified (or tested for) by utilising the R1 + R2 test method of linking the Phase to Earth at the DB and testing at the point where a reading would be expected between PH-E. Keep choosing an answer until you get it correct. How to find fault on a ring final circuit sometime called a ring circuit or ring main. Remember ! All is not lost however, as we have moved this essential electricians course online. Hopefully the installer will have some indication of the most likely ‘trouble spot’ area within the installation that any fault (earth of short circuit) may have occurred once the Main DB is commissioned and the circuits are switched on – eg: a spur off a ring that was difficult to terminate at the 2nd Fix stage, or a multi-gang switch that had a number of 2 and 3 core cables in the same enclosure, and seemed constricted when the face plate was screwed on. cities, towns and villages for consumption then. Type B/Type 2        Standard Circuits  Type C/Type 3        Motor Circuits – Inductive Loads  Type D                   Large Inductive Loads – Large Motors, X-Rays. From MCP’s extensive training portfolio, Lifescan selected the dedicated on-site training option for their technicians and operators – this held at Lifescans facility in Inverness. Learn how, by upskilling engineers, an FMCG company saved at least 1,211 hours in downtime over a one year period. Cable Fault Finding Methods. For further resources, why not check out our video support library and our electrical testing & electrical safety blog. The feedback from delegates about their feeling safe and relaxed while undergoing training has been outstanding to date, so we look forward to seeing you soon on one of our courses at DJT. It is based on the mathematical detail (part of Ohms Law) which establishes that resistance is proportional to length, so if a, This is good for very long runs, often underground, to determine where a cable is. Check the Wiring After you have attempted all this, we now get to the part, where you may have to dismantle the outlet, but before you do so, it is mandatory that you turn off all the power supply of your house . It is always worth remembering that Motor & Control Circuits often contain Internal Fuses –  & what may seem like a loss of supply could be an internal fuse having blown. Study the hard core of relevant evidence and – through the process of careful, logical thinking –diagnose the likely fault or at least the area or region of the fault. One side would read >999MΩ, and the other would continue to read 0.00Ω. Testing to locate the position of a Fault. If the RESET button fails to extend after pressing test, if it extends but the device can be operated still, or the RESET button will not latch back "in", it it needs to be repaired or replaced. However, if the phase in one of the fittings were to touch the earth, in this case the RCD would operate. This is a skilled analysis using a dedicated meter which incorporates a number of variable resistors and an ammeter. Introduction. These principles apply in all disciplines regardless of whether they are civil, electrical, mechanical etc. In this case if the wiring were terminated across a one way switch, it would not in fact turn the lamp on and off – the lamp would be perpetually receiving a phase and a neutral, & therefore stay ‘on’. should be checked before each use by pressing the TEST and RESET buttons. Discuss Fault finding in the am2 in the Electrical Forum area at ElectriciansForums.net. Theoretically, if a Dead-Short occurred across the cable supplying the Fused spur the Main fuse would operate, although if the halogen lighting brought the load protected by the 32A ring to a figure in excess of its 32Amp rating the CB would disconnect (in due course), etc, etc... so discrimination describes the correct device operating at an essential time in the event of either the cable or the load being rendered unsafe. It's annoying if an electrical socket or appliance doesn't work. The test involves wiggling the wiring to see if a fault occurs. This has evolved from customers’ feedback to include root cause analysis – it does not make financial sense to keep returning to the same issue. All of the faults are either open circuits, short circuits or incorrect polarity, and most faults are found using simple continuity tests rather than the full range of diagnostic tests. Incorrect Polarity in fixed Electrical Installations could give risk to electric shock where a circuit is thought to be switched off, when in fact a live terminal remains within the fixture. A test meter, either an analogue multimeter or a digital multimeter is an ideal piece of test equipment to help with fault finding an electronics transistor circuit. How to identify electrical faults. For instance, a flat bicycle tyre might be the result of a puncture (the fault) in the inner tube. To help technicians get to the cause of a fault faster, MCP has developed a course focusing on a logical approach to fault finding. Definition of fault finding. From the above, if a reading of 0.00Ω was seen, then the two cables being tested are in contact with each other at some point in that circuit. If one is in doubt as to whether anything is relevant, then include it. Incorrect Polarity in fixed Electrical Installations could give risk to electric shock where a circuit is thought to be switched off, when in fact a live terminal remains within the fixture. T. Tt12zza. In a sense this is a continuation of the process of ‘analysis’. Control Circuits often contain Internal Fuses – what may seem like a loss of supply could be an internal fuse having blown. This is good for very long runs, often underground, to determine where a cable is broken as opposed to where a fault is in place. Copyright © 2020 DJT Electrical Training. The far greater problem than a lamp that will not switch off is that there would be 230V present across the switch (ie: if you placed a lamp holder from Common to L1 in the switch it would come on - irrespective of the switched position!) To locate the point the circuit must next be disconnected as near to its mid-point as possible. open circuited. If the initial reading were less than the maximum for the instrument being used and continued dropping as the test were being carried out, part of the circuit would be seen as erroneous, and must be further investigated using the half test method. Skip to content Home; About; Contact; Electrician Courses. Devices shipped with integral Ground Fault Interrupting cords (such as blow dryers, etc.) If the reading were less than the maximum for the instrument being used (ie a meter that would normally read >999MΩ was indicating 329MΩ) – and was dropping as the test were being carried out, part of the circuit would be seen as erroneous, and must be further investigated. MCP’s six step troubleshooting procedure should be part of your professional training. One side would read >999MΩ, and the other would continue to read 0.00Ω. If none is seen (ie: open circuit, > 200Ω), then the test would be moved to the N – E of the same termination point. Principles of Systematic Fault Diagnosis Diagnosis of faults requires a logical and disciplined approach. This situation is verified by using a set of Approved GS38 Test Lamps and testing from: PH – N             (230V expected)      PH – E            (230V expected) N – E               (0V expected). It is important to ensure that the machine, equipment or system is functioning normally after the cause of the fault and the fault itself has been dealt with. For example, if a door bell does not ring when it should, it is only by means of a systematic approach that one determines that the bell itself is faulty. With more sophisticated equipment or systems it may necessary to ‘fine-tune’ the system in order to return it to optimum working conditions. Control Circuits (Internal Fuses) – Contactors (Breakdown of Parts)  – 3PH motors (Loss of  Phases &/Or burnt out coils) – Single Phase Motors – (Carbon Brushes), Reversed Polarity – Discrimination – loose connections – Protective Devices –Faulty Portable equipment – (NB: Cannot be ‘ware and tear’). Hopefully the installer will have some indication of the most likely ‘trouble spot’ area within the installation that any fault (earth of short circuit) may have occurred once the Main DB is commissioned and the circuits are switched on – eg: a spur off a ring that was difficult to terminate at the 2nd Fix stage, or a multi-gang switch that had a number of 2 and 3 core cables in the same enclosure, and seemed constricted when the face plate was screwed on. Look for any feedback given if you get an answer incorrect. Introduction to Faults in Cables. Murray loop bridge. General It is important to note that DISCRIMINATION is ensuring that the correct device operates when a fault or overload occurs – not, as many mistakenly take it, the nearest or smallest device. This is a skilled analysis using a dedicated meter which incorporates a number of variable resistors and an ammeter. The delegate will be required to select the appropriate tester (insulation resistance tester) and after visually inspecting the tester for faults , setting it up for the correct voltage. The areas or regions are systematically reduced in size until a specific part can be identified as being faulty. (*see note 1), In figure 2 (other side of this sheet), the problem with LIVE POLARITY is highlighted. To help our students prepare themselves for their online exams, we designed an electrical courses exam simulator, for all of the electrician courses that we offer. Reject it afterwards at the first opportunity if it clearly is not relevant. Our courses have been delivered across the UK and around the world. Observe the system running, if you consider it safe to do so. Whether they’re working on tanks in the armed forces or repairing a city bridge, technicians, civil engineers, and security personnel need to know how to spot and quickly fix equipment. If the puncture is repaired (i.e. Cable Fault Finding Guide. Some of these also have switched faults. Electrical Exam | Electrical Training for Bright Sparks. Rectification is often straightforward once the fault is identified... Unit 28 - Appin RoadArgyle Trading EstateBirkenhead Wirral CH41 9HH, Tele: 07747 337 685enquiries@djtelectricaltraining.co.uk, Privacy PolicyCookie PolicyTerms of UseTerms of Business / Booking, Copyright © 2020 DJT Electrical Training. A.Level 2 Certificate in Engineering IVQ – Electrical and Electronics Technology (2850-84), learners must achieve 35 credits: • 21 credits from the three mandatory units plus, • a minimum of 14 credits from the two optional units..OR . IMPORTANT: CORONAVIRUS UPDATE - 30/05/2020. It is more important than ever that industrial employers understand their legal responsibility to make sure their technicians are competent to carry out their tasks. Finally, look closely at Figure 3. If there is a problem in electric circuit then possible causes may be; 1. All Rights Reserved. Fault-finding involves checking the sequence by monitoring the state of electrical outputs to solenoids and inputs from limit switches. Understanding the importance of multi-skilling your engineers is the first step towards addressing any skills shortages you may have. You will have to state the methods required for repairing the faults. Identify faults from the fault symptom description given by the examiner. Some of these boards have switched faults on them so that the candidates start to gain some fault finding experience. 2365, 5357, 2391, 17th edition & 18 edition. At supply Origin – at a single outlet (Phase Neutral reversed or neutral earth reversed) or at a single fitting (Phase – Neutral) – Live Test Vs Dead Test. There are only a certain number of reasons why a circuit will have ceased to operate as it should. This may be a simple task, as in the case referred to above, or it may be a much bigger one. What other benefits can a multi-skilled workforce bring…. If one is in doubt as to whether anything is relevant, then include it. General Principles of Fault Finding In this section we look at the general principles of fault finding through the application of diagnostic reporting. For example, a restriction to the movement of the motor, causing it to draw more load may well operate the Control fuse prior to any of the more sensitive devices, while  a dead short across the coil to neutral would most lily cause the CB to trip before the 16A BS88 in the isolator (which is closer to the load). VLF Sheath Test Voltages. One side would read >999MΩ, and the other would continue to read 0.00Ω. Before attempting any electrical test, for your safety, you should be sure you feel confident to do so if you have any doubt hire a professional to carry out these tests !!! Hi I have my fault finding resit in a couple of weeks. The terminals in the under-section of a kWh meter are normally as follows: (from left to right). The healthy side can now be disregarded and the half-test carried out again on the damaged side of the circuit. If a Low Ω reading were obtained at that point this would indicate reversed polarity, and must be investigated further. Reject it afterwards at the first opportunity if it clearly is not relevant. Use all your senses: smell (burning), hearing (vibration), touch (temperature), sight (for unusual conditions). All the evidence collected must be relevant to the problem in hand. In this case the entire neutral bar would be permanently live, and the CB’s would be making and breaking the Neutral – once again giving risk of electric shock under numerous circumstances. This definition supplements the requirements already mandated by Sections 43 and 44 of the Electricity Safety Act 1998. Take our online electrical theory practice test and see the type of questions on an electrician licensing exam.  inductors can store energy in a magnetic field and give electric shocks. What are the six key steps to approach electrical fault finding? The healthy side can now be disregarded and the half-test carried out … As an Electrician becomes more experienced & encounters more of these faults they come to recognise them very quickly, and then they just need to prove their conjecture by safely testing the circuit to reaffirm their initial assumptions. , is the first opportunity if it clearly is not lost however each. Circuits type C/Type 3 Motor Circuits – Inductive Loads – Large Motors, X-Rays,., i.e to find fault on one phase of a puncture ( the fault has been rectified Troubleshooting is approach. On earlier findings an electrical socket or appliance does n't work - 8 questions from a bank of.! It safe to do so Interrupting cords ( such as blow dryers, etc )! 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Application of diagnostic reporting and, if you get an answer incorrect Next, re -test the to.
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